The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body. A normal shoulder precisely constrains the humeral head to the centre of the glenoid cavity throughout most of the arc of movement.
Shoulder stability is the result of a complex interaction between static and dynamic restraints.
- Static stabilisers (capsule, ligaments, labrum) act as concave structures to deepen the glenoid fossa.
- Dynamic stabilisers include rotator cuff and surrounding larger muscles that provide scapular stability (serratus anterior, lat dorsi, rhomboids, trapezius, pectoralis)
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